First Flight Textbook in English for Class X
এই পোষ্টটোত দশম শ্ৰেণীৰ English পাঠ্যপুথিৰ Chapter 1 '' Nelson Mandela '' পাঠটোৰ পাঠৰ ভিতৰৰ প্ৰশ্নসমূহ আৰু অনুশীলনীৰ প্ৰশ্নবোৰৰ সমাধান লাভ কৰিব। অন্য পাঠৰ অনুশীলনীবোৰৰ সমাধান পাবলৈ তলত দিয়া লিংকত ক্লিক কৰিব।
প্ৰতিটো পাঠৰ MCQs আৰু সমাধান পাবলৈ ইয়াত ক্লিক কৰিব - MCQs.
দশম শ্ৰেণীৰ English পাথ্যপুথিত থকা পাঠসমূহ হ'ল - A Letter to God, Nelson Mandela, Two Stories about Flying (i) His First Flight(ii) Black Aeroplane, From the Diary of Anne Frank, The Hundred Dresses-i,The HUndred Dresses-II, Glimpses of INdia (i) A Baker from GOa (ii) Coorg (iii) Tea from Assam , Mijbil the Otter,MAdam Rides the Bus, The Sermon at Benares, The Proposal, Career Opportunities - Basik ideas।
Solutions for Class 10 English Chapter 2 Nelson Mandela
Short Questions And Answers 1 Marks 👇
1.Who is the author of "Long Walk to Freedom"?
Answer: Nelson Mandela.
2. What does Mandela mean by "the oppressor and the oppressed" must be liberated?
Answer: Both the racist rulers and the oppressed blacks need freedom from hatred.
3. What was the occasion when Mandela gave the speech mentioned in the chapter?
Answer: The inauguration of South Africa’s first democratic government.
4. What does Mandela consider as the greatest wealth of a nation?
Answer: Its people.
5. What were the two national anthems sung on the day of inauguration?
Answer: Nkosi Sikelel – iAfrika (African anthem) and Die Stem (Old anthem of whites).
6.What does Mandela say about courage in the chapter?
Answer: Courage is not the absence of fear but the triumph over it.
7. What was the name of the autobiography from which this chapter is taken?
Answer: Long Walk to Freedom
8. What does Mandela say about love and hate?
Answer: No one is born hating others; love comes naturally.
9. Who were the two patriots mentioned by Mandela in his speech?
Answer: Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisulu.
10.What does Mandela call "a glorious human achievement"?
Answer: The establishment of a democratic, non-racial government in South Africa.
Oral Comprehension Check.
1. Where did the ceremonies take place? Can you name any public buildings in India that are made of sandstone?
Answer: The ceremonies took place in the Union Buildings of Pretoria, South Africa, where Nelson Mandela was sworn in as the first black president of South Africa.
Public buildings in India made of sandstone include:
Rashtrapati Bhavan (New Delhi)
Red Fort (Delhi)
Humayun’s Tomb (Delhi)
Fatehpur Sikri (Uttar Pradesh)
2. Can you say how 10 May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa?
Answer: 10 May is an autumn day in South Africa because seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are opposite to those in the Northern Hemisphere. While India experiences summer in May, South Africa experiences autumn during this time.
3.At the beginning of his speech, Mandela mentions “an extraordinary human disaster”. What does he mean by this? What is the “glorious … human achievement” he speaks of at the end?
Answer: "Extraordinary human disaster" refers to the apartheid system in South Africa, which caused decades of racial oppression, discrimination, and suffering for the black majority.
"Glorious human achievement" refers to South Africa’s transition to democracy, where people of all races came together to establish equality and freedom, ending apartheid peacefully.
4. What does Mandela thank the international leaders for?
Answer: Mandela thanks the international leaders for supporting South Africa’s struggle against apartheid and for standing with the people in their fight for justice and freedom. Their presence at the inauguration ceremony symbolized global recognition of South Africa’s new democracy.
5. What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa?
Answer: Mandela sets out the following ideals for South Africa’s future:
1. Liberty and equality for all races.
2. Ending poverty, suffering, and discrimination.
3. Building a society free from oppression where no one is enslaved.
4. Peace and prosperity for all South Africans.
5. Unity and reconciliation between blacks and whites to heal past wounds.
Oral Comprehension Check
1.What do the military generals do? How has their attitude changed, and why?
Answer: What they do: The military generals saluted Mandela and pledged their loyalty to the newly formed democratic government.
Change in attitude: Earlier, they would have arrested Mandela (as he was once a "wanted criminal" under apartheid). Now, they respect him as the first black President of South Africa.
Reason for change: The end of apartheid and the establishment of a democratic, multiracial government forced them to accept the new leadership.
2.Why were two national anthems sung?
Answer: Two national anthems—"Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika" (the Black African anthem) and "Die Stem" (the old anthem of white South Africa)—were sung to symbolize unity and reconciliation between the two communities.
It showed that both blacks and whites were equal in the new South Africa.
3. How does Mandela describe the systems of government in his country (i) in the first decade, and (ii) in the final decade, of the twentieth century?
Answer: (i) First decade (early 1900s): A racist, oppressive apartheid system where black South Africans had no rights.
(ii) Final decade (1990s): A democratic, non-racial government where all citizens, regardless of race, had equal rights.
4. What does courage mean to Mandela?
Answer: For Mandela, courage is not the absence of fear but the triumph over it.
True courage means fighting for justice even when afraid, as he and his comrades did during the anti-apartheid struggle.
5.Which does he think is natural, to love or to hate?
Answer: Mandela believes love comes more naturally to the human heart than hate.
He says no one is born hating others; hatred is taught, and if people can learn to hate, they can also learn to love.
Oral Comprehension Check
1. What "twin obligations" does Mandela mention?
Answer: Mandela mentions that every person has two main obligations in life:
1. Obligation to family (parents, wife, children)
2. Obligation to community and country
Under apartheid, he could not fulfill both because fighting for justice meant sacrificing his family life.
2. What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy, and as a student? How does he contrast these "transitory freedoms" with "the basic and honourable freedoms"?
Answer: As a boy: Freedom meant running in fields, swimming in streams, and enjoying childhood without restrictions.
As a student: Freedom meant staying out late, reading what he wanted, and making his own choices.
Contrast:
These were "transitory freedoms" (temporary, personal liberties).
"Basic and honourable freedoms" refer to political freedom, equality, and dignity for all people—which apartheid denied.
3. Does Mandela think the oppressor is free? Why/Why not?
Answer: No, Mandela believes the oppressor is not truly free.
Reason: A person who takes away another's freedom is a prisoner of hatred and prejudice.
True freedom means respecting others' rights—oppressors lack this moral freedom.
Thinking about the Text
1. Why did such a large number of international leaders attend the inauguration? What did it signify the triumph of?
Answer: The inauguration drew global leaders because it wasn't just South Africa's victory - it was humanity's. Their presence marked the world's collective sigh of relief after apartheid's fall, signifying the triumph of human dignity over institutionalized racism. Like when the Berlin Wall fell, this moment showed oppression's walls could crumble when people unite.
2. What does Mandela mean when he says he is “simply the sum of all those African patriots” who had gone before him?
Answer: When Mandela calls himself "the sum of all African patriots," he's acknowledging he didn't fight alone. It's like a relay race where each runner passes the baton - he stood on the shoulders of giants like Albert Luthuli and Robert Sobukwe. His humility reminds us that no leader, however great, emerges from vacuum; they're products of collective struggle.
3. Would you agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of character”? How does Mandela illustrate this? Can you add your own examples to this argument?
Answer: Absolutely. Mandela shows how oppression forges extraordinary character like fire tempers steel. His 27 prison years could have broken him, but instead refined his wisdom and compassion. We see this in Malala surviving assassination to champion education, or Holocaust survivor Viktor Frankl finding meaning in suffering. Adversity doesn't just test character - it builds it.
4. How did Mandela’s understanding of freedom change with age and experience?
Answer: Mandela's freedom journey mirrors how children view adulthood - first as personal independence, then as deeper responsibility. Childhood freedom meant swimming in the Mbashe River. As a student, it was intellectual liberty. But mature freedom became ensuring others could swim, study, and speak freely too - shifting from "my rights" to "our humanity."
5.How did Mandela’s ‘hunger for freedom’ change his life?
Answer: Mandela's hunger for freedom consumed his personal life to feed a nation's future. It transformed him from a tribal boy to a lawyer defending the oppressed, then to Prisoner 46664, and finally to a president who forgave his jailers. Like a caterpillar's metamorphosis, his sacrifices - lost family time, prison years, constant danger - birthed a new South Africa. His life proves freedom isn't given; it's grown through relentless courage.
Thinking about Language
I. There are nouns in the text (formation, government) which are formed from the corresponding verbs (form, govern) by suffixing -(at)ion or ment. There may be a change in the spelling of some verb – noun pairs: such as rebel, rebellion; constitute, constitution.
1. Make a list of such pairs of nouns and verbs in the text.
Answer
Verb-Noun Pairs
| Verb | Noun |
|---|---|
| form | formation |
| govern | government |
| rebel | rebellion |
| constitute | constitution |
| transform | transformation |
| elect | election |
| liberate | liberation |
| demonstrate | demonstration |
| unite | union |
| oppress | oppression |
